Citrulline raises nitric oxide, which opens up blood vessels. More blood to the muscle means bigger pumps and better output late in a session. The studies showing real performance benefits used 6–8g. A lot of tubs run 2–3g because citrulline is one of the priciest ingredients on the label. Overdrive is at 6g, the dose the research was actually done with.

Beta-alanine buffers the acid that builds up during hard sets, so you get a few more good reps in before the burn wins. 3.2g a day is the dose used across the research, and it works by saturation, so taking it consistently matters more than timing it. If you feel tingles in your face or hands, that's beta-alanine doing its thing. Harmless, and honestly a decent sign your pre-workout isn't underdosed.

250mg of caffeine anhydrous hits quickly and gets you moving for the first working sets. The other 125mg comes from di-caffeine malate, which feeds in more gradually, so energy tails off instead of dropping off a cliff. 375mg is a serious dose. One scoop, skip the extra coffee.

Citicoline supports acetylcholine, the neurotransmitter your brain uses for focus and for firing muscle. The research on citicoline mostly used 250–500mg. Where cheaper formulas include it at all, you'll usually see 100–250mg. Overdrive runs 600mg because the focus side of a pre-workout is half the point.

Tyrosine is what your body makes dopamine and adrenaline from, and it matters most when you turn up on rubbish sleep. That's when focus normally goes first. Overdrive carries a full gram, where most formulas that bother stop at 500mg.

A gentler, longer-lasting relative of caffeine found in cocoa. 75mg smooths the curve so the energy feels steady rather than jittery.

Huperzine slows the enzyme that breaks down acetylcholine, so the focus from the citicoline sticks around deeper into your session instead of fading after the first few sets. Research doses run 50–200mcg. Overdrive sits at the top of that range.